Much has been written about Barack Obama's interview with Al Arabiya. One comment the president made has not gotten enough attention. "America was not born as a colonial power, and that the same respect and partnership that America had with the Muslim world as recently as 20 or 30 years ago, there's no reason why we can't restore that. And that I think is going to be an important task." Fair to ask, then, how things looked as recently as 20 or 30 years ago. The answer: Not great. I'd been thinking about this for two days and now Max Boot, at Contentions, fills in some of the history, with an assist from Bernard Grun's The Timetables of History. Boot writes:
It turns out that in 1989 U.S. fighters shot down two Libyan jets over the Gulf of Sidra. The last Soviet troops left Afghanistan, creating a vacuum that would eventually be filled by the Taliban. Ayatollah Khomeini issued a fatwa calling for Salman Rushdie's death for "blasphemy." Hundreds died in Lebanon's long-running civil war while Hezbollah militants were torturing to death U.S. Marine Colonel William "Rich" Higgins, who had been kidnapped the previous year while serving as a UN peacekeeper in Lebanon. And 1979? That was an even darker year-in many ways a turning point for the worse in the Middle East. That was, after all, the year that the shah of Iran was overthrown. He was replaced by the Ayatollah Khomeini, who launched a war against the West that is still unfolding. One of the first actions of this long struggle was the seizure of the US Embassy in Tehran and all of its personnel as hostages. The same year saw the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, which led to the growth of the mujahideen, some of whom would later morph into Al Qaeda and the Taliban. This was also the year that Islamic militants temporarily seized control of the Grand Mosque in Mecca, an event that drove the Saudi royal family to become ever more fundamentalist. In other news in 1979, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, the former prime minister of Pakistan, was hanged by General Zia al-Hak, inaugurating a long period when Pakistan would be under the effective control of the army in alliance with Islamic militants. That year mobs also attacked U.S. embassies throughout the Muslim world from Kabul and Islamabad to Tripoli. The one bright spot in 1979 was the signing of the Camp David Accord between the US, Egypt, and Israel, which did not, unfortunately, auger a "new" Middle East as many optimists hoped.
As Boot's post makes clear, Obama's comments reveal a rather short view of history and one in which George W. Bush is the cause of America's problems. It's worth remembering, as a very smart foreign policy thinker pointed out to me the other day, the world loved America under Bill Clinton -- or at least liked and respected us more than it did under George W. Bush. (See here for more.) And despite those warm feelings, the halcyon 1990s brought the dramatic build-up of the global jihadist network, the training of some 20,000 fighters (at least) from camps in Afghanistan, and several attacks on American interests. Much of the planning for the 9/11 attacks took place during the Clinton years, too. Being loved, it seems, is not quite the same thing as being safe.